Program 7 BCA Madras University BCA Object Oriented Programming using C++ Practical Madras University Program 7 Design a class called cString to represent a string data type. Create a data member in the class to represent a string using an array of size 100. Write the following functionality as member functions: a. Copy Constructor b. Concatenate two strings c. Find the length of the string d. Reversing a string e. Comparing two strings

 

BCA

Object Oriented Programming using C++ Practical

Madras University 

Program 7

Design a class called cString to represent a string data type. Create a data member in the class to represent a string using an array of size 100. 

Write the following functionality as member functions: 

a. Copy Constructor

 b. Concatenate two strings 

c. Find the length of the string 

d. Reversing a string

 e. Comparing two strings 

SOURCE CODE:

#include <iostream>

#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

class cString {

private:

    char str[100];  // Array to hold the string, fixed size of 100

public:

    // Default Constructor

    cString() {

        str[0] = '\0';  // Initialize with empty string

    }

    // Parameterized Constructor

    cString(const char* s) {

        strncpy(str, s, 99);

        str[99] = '\0';  // Ensure null termination

    }

    // Copy Constructor

    cString(const cString& other) {

        strncpy(str, other.str, 99);

        str[99] = '\0';  // Ensure null termination

    }

    // Function to concatenate two strings

    void concatenate(const cString& other) {

        strncat(str, other.str, 99 - strlen(str));  // Append with max size consideration

        str[99] = '\0';  // Ensure null termination

    }

    // Function to find the length of the string

    int length() const {

        return strlen(str);

    }

    // Function to reverse the string

    void reverse() {

        int len = strlen(str);

        for (int i = 0; i < len / 2; ++i) {

            swap(str[i], str[len - 1 - i]);

        }

    }

    // Function to compare two strings

    bool compare(const cString& other) const {

        return strcmp(str, other.str) == 0;

    }

    // Function to print the string

    void print() const {

        cout << str << std::endl;

    }

    // Function to read string from user

    void readFromUser() {

        cout << "Enter a string (max 99 characters): ";

        cin.getline(str, 100);

    }

};

int main() {

    cString s1,s2;

    

    // Read strings from user

    s1.readFromUser();

    s2.readFromUser();

    // Using Copy Constructor

    cString s3 = s1;

    // Concatenate strings

    s1.concatenate(s2);

    // Print strings

    cout << "s1: ";

    s1.print();

    cout << "s2: ";

    s2.print();

    cout << "s3: ";

    s3.print();

    // Find length of s1

    cout << "Length of s1: " << s1.length() << endl;

    // Find length of s2

    cout << "Length of s2: " << s2.length() << endl;

    // Reverse s1

    s1.reverse();

    cout << "Reversed s1: ";

    s1.print();

    // Reverse s2

    s2.reverse();

    cout << "Reversed s2: ";

    s2.print();

    // Compare s1 and s3

    cout << "s1 and s3 are " << (s1.compare(s3) ? "equal" : "not equal") << endl;

    return 0;

}

OUTPUT:

Enter a string (max 99 characters): hello

Enter a string (max 99 characters): world

s1: helloworld

s2: world

s3: hello

Length of s1: 10

Length of s2: 5

Reversed s1: dlrowolleh

Reversed s2: dlrow

s1 and s3 are not equal

Explanation:

1. Data Member: The class cString has a private data member str which is a character array of size 100 to hold the string.

2. Constructors:

   • Default Constructor initializes str with an empty string.
   • Parameterized Constructor initializes str with the given C-style string.
   • Copy Constructor copies the string from another cString object.

3. Concatenate Function: The concatenate function appends the string from another cString object to the current string. It uses strncat to ensure that the array size limit is respected.

4. Length Function: The length function returns the length of the string using strlen.

5. Reverse Function: The reverse function reverses the string by swapping characters from the start and end moving towards the center.

6. Compare Function: The compare function compares the string with another cString object using strcmp and returns true if they are equal.

7. Print Function: The print function prints the string to the standard output.